Previous Conventions

Presenter(s) Information: McKenzie McGee
Author(s): McKenzie McGee, Elizabeth K. Sutton, Dr. Miranda Beam
Chapter: Alpha Beta
College/University: Campbellsville University
Subject Area of Presentation: Physical Sciences

Presentation Title

Testing for Lead in Various Tampon Brands.

Presentation Abstract

Six brands of tampons were tested for the presence of lead, with one control. Initial preparation included wet acid digestion with nitric acid and heating to obtain a liquid sample. The liquid samples were then tested for lead concentration by inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectrometry.

Presenter(s) Information: Draven Blade Reynolds
Author(s): Draven Blade Reynolds, Conner Campbell, Kayla Hamilton, Patricia Loka, Ihsanne Demoh, Alejandro Diaz, Gabriel Mbey-Ogbonnaya, Dimitri Sourov, Indra D. Sahu
Chapter: Alpha Beta
College/University: Campbellsville University
Subject Area of Presentation: Physical Sciences

Presentation Title

Structural Biology Approaches used to Probe Structural Topology and Effect of Interaction Impairing Mutations on KCNE3 in a Mimicked Vesicle Environment

Presentation Abstract

KCNE3 (E3) is a single transmembrane protein that regulates the function of several voltage-gated potassium ion channels including KCNQ1 (Q1). The relationship between E3 and Q1 plays a critical role in maintaining the function of several biological systems such as the gastrointestinal, cardiovascular, respiratory, skeletal and electrolyte/fluid secretion system in humans. Genetic mutations in the human genome encoded for this protein can lead to several genetic disorders such as Meniere’s disease, Periodic Paralysis, and Long QT syndrome. More specifically, mutations within the transmembrane domain (TMD, 57-82) such as F68A, V72A, and I76A have displayed interaction impairing characteristics of E3 while interacting with Q1. However, the structural topology of wild-type E3 (WT-KCNE3) and the structural dynamic properties of the proposed interaction impairing mutations (IIMs) reconstituted in a physiological membrane environment is not fully understood. In this study, we investigate these properties in POPC/POPG vesicles using site-directed spin labeling (SDSL), EPR spectral lineshape analysis, and power saturation EPR methods. Numerous spin-labeled residue sites of KCNE3 were investigated for structural topology including in the transmembrane domain (TMD) and N-and C-termini. Using EPR power saturation, the depth parameter (Φ) was used to characterize the structural topology of KCNE3 in lipid bilayer membrane. Additionally, for IIMs, CW-EPR lineshape analysis was used to obtain the inverse central line width (△H-1) and the rotational correlation times (τ0) for characterizing the structural dynamics of WT-KCNE3 and IIMs. Our power saturation results indicate that the sites within the transmembrane domain are buried inside the lipid bilayers, and the sites in N- and C-termini are located partially in the solvent extracellular and cytosol regions while interacting with the surface of the membrane. The IIMs suggest a slower side-chain mobility when compared to the WT-KCNE3 in the membrane bilayer environment.

Presenter(s) Information: Grace Rout
Author(s): Grace A. Rout, Gregory F. Weber
Chapter: Rho
College/University: University of Indianapolis
Subject Area of Presentation: Life Sciences

Presentation Title

Determination of the Roles of Keratin 18 and 19 in Early Xenopus laevis Development

Presentation Abstract

Early embryonic development is a time of rapid change. Significant cell movements are mediated by the cytoskeletal components, which also provide structure for the cells. Intermediate filaments are a class of cytoskeletal components that exhibit marked strength, one type of which is the keratin filament. Keratin filaments are made from type I and type II keratin proteins that associate by heterodimerization and further polymerize both longitudinally and laterally. In early development of the African clawed frog Xenopus laevis, keratins 18 and 19 are the primary type I keratins expressed. Keratin 19 exhibits a unique structure, having a nearly nonexistent tail domain. Prior preliminary work has shown that inhibition of keratin 19 expression by antisense morpholino results in a lethal phenotype, while inhibition of keratin 18 has little to no effect on survival. Changes in production and localization of keratin in morpholino-injected embryos has not been investigated. Immunobiochemistry and immunofluorescence were utilized to determine whether the inhibition of each keratin’s expression was indeed effective and to examine any resultant changes in concentration and localization of remaining keratin networks. Uninjected control embryos showed robust cortical keratin levels and keratin networks, particularly enriched on the apical side of epidermal mucociliary cells. Keratin 18-inhibited embryos exhibited less cortical keratin, and intracellular collapse of keratin networks in the mucociliary cells. Additionally, keratin 19-inhibited embryos had very little cortical keratin and the dense meshwork in mucociliary cells was completely absent. Keratin filaments involving keratin 19 have been implicated to have a vital role in early development, as well as potential regulation of cancer-related pathways later in life. Understanding the dynamics of these structures in the cell can disclose more mechanisms of function, providing a more complete understanding of the development of life.

Presenter(s) Information: Cristina Avello and Priscila Espinoza
Author(s): Cristina Avello, Priscila Espinoza, and Dr. Kamila Deavers
Chapter: Gamma Eta
College/University: Marian University
Subject Area of Presentation:

Presentation Title

Lead in Fast Fashion Children’s Clothing

Presentation Abstract

Fast fashion has raised concerns in recent years due to its inconsistent quality controls, and potential health risks. Among these risks, lead contamination in clothing is particularly alarming, especially for children. The U.S. regulates lead levels in textiles has a maximum of 100 ppm [1], but enforcing these limits is challenging due to the high volume of imported apparel and limited border testing. This study investigates lead levels in children’s clothing across various brands, countries of origin, and fabric colors. Lead content was analyzed using two analytical methods: X-ray fluorescence (XRF) spectroscopy for screening testing and acid digestion (EPA Method 3050B) followed by atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS). By testing a range of fast fashion clothing, we aim to highlight the importance of stricter regulatory oversight and more rigorous testing to ensure consumer safety.

Presenter(s) Information: Mollie Hill and Delaney Hare
Author(s): Mollie Hill, Delaney Hare, and Dr. Justice
Chapter: Gamma Eta
College/University: Marian university
Subject Area of Presentation:

Presentation Title

Identification of Pathogenic Mutations Leading to Eggshells Weakness in Amazona vittata

Presentation Abstract

The Puerto Rican parrot (Amazona vittata), an endangered species and the only parrot under US jurisdiction, faces multiple threats to its survival, including a significant decline in reproductive success. One reason captive breeding programs are struggling to increase the Puerto Rican parrot population is the weakness of their eggshells, leading to a high percentage of embryo mortality. Eggshell formation is a complex biological process influenced by a variety of genetic and environmental factors. Previous studies in other bird species have linked genes involved in calcium regulation, collagen formation, and mineralization to eggshell quality. However, the genes causing the eggshell weakness in A. vittata have not been identified. Given the species’ small population size and limited genetic diversity and the challenges these brings conservation efforts, it is critical to identify potential genetic mutations contributing to this issue. Understanding these factors will enable better management of breeding programs and may provide novel insights into avian reproductive biology.

This project, performed in collaboration with the Genomics Education Partnership (GEP), is an extension of one started at the University of Puerto Rico, Mayaguez. Our project investigates the genetic factors contributing to eggshell weakness using computational gene annotation and comparative genomics. Additionally, we are developing a qPCR-based genotyping protocol that will make Parrot Project wet-lab experiments feasible, both financially and practically, for other institutions in the GEP with limited resources. Manual annotation and comparative genomics analysis of the gene ANO3, known to be involved in calcium signaling, resulted in the identification of ~10 potential candidate mutations. Current efforts involve the annotation of three subunits of the clotting factor fibrinogen. Candidate mutations will be used to inform probe development for qPCR genotyping studies of A. vittata DNA samples sent from University of Puerto Rico, Mayaguez.

The GEP is a nationwide collaboration of over 200 institutions creating course-based undergraduate research experiences centered in bioinformatics and genomics. The Genomics Education Partnership is supported by the National Science Foundation (Grant No. 1915544) and National Institute of General Medical Sciences of the National Institutes of Health (Award No: R25GM1305) and is hosted by the Department of Biological Sciences at The University of Alabama with continuing support from the Department of Biology at Washington University in St. Louis. The wet lab components of this project were supported by a Student Research Award from the Sigma Zeta National Honor Society and the Biology Department at Marian University.

Presenter(s) Information: Grace Browning and Lyric Williams
Author(s): Grace Browning, Lyric Williams, Dr. Alexandra Tamerius
Chapter: Gamma Eta
College/University: Marian University
Subject Area of Presentation:

Presentation Title

3D Printing Artificial Bone Materials for Orthopedic Replacement Surgery

Presentation Abstract

Spinal injuries are often repaired with metal implants; however, these implants can cause additional injuries due to disproportionate stress caused by the disparate compressibility of the metal implant in comparison to natural bone. Specifically, vertebral implants are typically made of Titanium, which is strong enough to provide support for the spine but causes fractures to neighboring vertebrae. Here, we present our progress on developing solid-state materials that could serve as a new option for spinal implants. The ultimate goal of this work is to identify materials suitable for 3D printing in order to create implants that can participate in the body’s natural bone remodeling cycle, allowing for their integration with natural bone. Hydroxyapatite and β-Ca3(PO4)2 have proven to be suitable materials for bone replacement surgeries due to their biocompatibility and feasible solid state synthesis procedures. Our present efforts are focused on the bulk solid-state synthesis of β-Ca3(PO4)2 and hydroxyapatite analogs using calcium precursor materials. Our next steps include continuing to produce bulk amounts of β-Ca3(PO4)2, obtaining PXRD data our β-Ca3(PO4)2 to confirm the crystalline structures and identifying optimal epoxy resins for 3D printing.

Presenter(s) Information: Yuden Dorji
Author(s): Yuden Dorji, Fatima Mohammed, Mubina Rasul, Favziya Rasulova
Chapter: Gamma Gamma
College/University: Concordia College
Subject Area of Presentation: Environmental Sciences

Presentation Title

Assessing Microplastic Concentrations and Composition in the Gastrointestinal Tracts of Urban and Rural Tree and Ground Squirrels (Sciuridae) and Investigating Impact on Gut Microbiomes.

Presentation Abstract

Research indicates that small plastic particles, or microplastics (MP), are a significant threat to ecosystems, wildlife, and human health. These particles can cause gastrointestinal blockages and abrasions and jeopardize an animal’s digestive health, behavior, and survival. MP ingestion can disrupt an animal’s natural feeding behavior, culminating in diminished nutrient acquisition and, in severe cases, malnutrition or starvation. MPs impact digestion and behavior in affected animals. Our study looks at the levels of microplastics in tree squirrels and ground squirrels in urban and rural settings. Digestive tracks from salvaged squirrels were digested using 10% KOH and vacuum filtered. MPs were then identified using a dissecting microscope. Our findings indicate the presence of MP in all samples, with a higher concentration observed in rural squirrels compared to urban squirrels. To further investigate these results, the source and composition of the microplastics will be identified using IR spectroscopy. This technique allows us to determine the origin and type of microplastics, such as those from consumer products, industrial sources, or other environmental debris. By analyzing these patterns, we can classify the types of plastics found in the gastrointestinal tracts of squirrels, better understand the sources of contamination, and help MP exposure to specific environmental pollutants.

Presenter(s) Information: Gavin M. Groshelle, Madelyn T. Barlage, Katie P. Waugh, and Peter J W. Weinzierl
Author(s): Gavin M. Groshelle, Madelyn T. Barlage, Katie P. Waugh, Peter J. Weinzierl, Joseph C. Whittacker, Scandia, Cruz, Mathieu, Vanessa, and Kilburn
Chapter: Gamma Gamma
College/University: Concordia College – Moorhead
Subject Area of Presentation: Life Sciences, Environmental Sciences

Presentation Title

A Comparison of Diversity by Year for Resident and Migrant Species at Toucan Ridge Ecology and Education Society (TREES) in Belize

Presentation Abstract

Toucan Ridge Ecology and Education Society (TREES) is a primary bird banding site in Belize, Central America. Nestled in the Maya Mountains, the site consists of 200 acres of jungle interspersed with sustainable agriculture. It is a small nonprofit organization focused on education and conservation. TREES became an official bird banding organization in 2015 and have been mist netting, banding, and collecting data on resident and migrant birds. We are examining this data in light of yearly variations of species population numbers and occurrences. For resident data we are looking for population variation year to year, and for migrant data we are looking for species as they pass through this area in Belize heading north to breeding sites and south to overwintering sites. This information is useful for monitoring species diversity and abundance, which are crucial for understanding bird behavior and effective conservation. A total of 119 resident species have been recorded from 2015 through 2023, and 44 migrant species recorded from 2022 and 2023. Common resident species seen each year include the American Pygmy Kingfisher, Melodious Blackbird, Morelet’s Seedeater, Squirrel Cuckoo, Red-capped Manakin, and White-collared Manakin. Common migrant species seen each year include the Kentucky Warbler, Hooded Warbler, Ovenbird, Red-eyed Vireo, Gray Catbird, and Yellow-bellied Flycatcher. Data will be presented looking at year to year variation with resident species and timing of observations of migrating species. Our data highlight the importance of Belize as both a migratory corridor and a site of particularly high resident bird diversity.

Presenter(s) Information: Kayla E. Hamilton
Author(s): Kayla E. Hamilton, Draven B. Reynolds, Conner Campbell, Patricia Loka, Ihsanne Demoh, Alejandro Diaz, Gabriel Mbey-Ogbonnaya, Dimitri Sourov, Indra D. Sahu
Chapter: Alpha Beta
College/University: Campbellsville University
Subject Area of Presentation: Physical Sciences

Presentation Title

Temperature-Dependent Structural Dynamics of a Membrane Protein in Lipid Bilayer Membranes

Presentation Abstract

The temperature-dependent structural and dynamic properties of a biologically important integral membrane KCNE3 involved in the regulation of potassium ion channels were investigated using continuous-wave electron paramagnetic resonance (CW-EPR) spectroscopy in combination of site-directed spin labeling. KCNE3 was reconstituted into POPC/POPG lipid bilayer vesicles to mimic a near-native membrane environment. MTSL Nitroxide spin labeling was performed at multiple sites on KCNE3 transmembrane domain (E3 L77C, E3 I76A L77C, E3V72A G73C, E3 F68A V70C, and E3 G73C), and these sites were studied across a wide temperature range (273K, 297K, 308K, 318K, and 325K). The EPR data demonstrated that increasing temperature induced significant changes in the mobility and rotational correlation times of the spin labeled sidechains, indicating significant temperature-dependent conformational shifts within the protein. These findings provide vital insights into the structural stability and functional flexibility of KCNE3 enhancing our understanding of its role in ion channel regulation. This study lays the groundwork for further exploration of the temperature-sensitive behavior of membrane proteins and their implications for cellular function.

Presenter(s) Information: Patricia Loka
Author(s): Patricia Loka, Beyza Bektasoglu, Conner Campbell, Draven B. Reynolds, Kayla E. Hamilton, Ihsanne Demoh, Alejandro Diaz, Gabriel Mbey-Ogbonnaya, Dimitri Sourov, Indra D. Sahu
Chapter: Alpha Beta
College/University: Campbellsville University
Subject Area of Presentation: Physical Sciences

Presentation Title

Studying Atrial Fibrillation Disease Causing Mutation in the KCNE3 Protein in Lipid Bilayer Membrane using Structural Biology Techniques

Presentation Abstract

Atrial Fibrillation (A-Fib) is a heart arrhythmic disease that causes rapid heart rhythm and improper heart functioning. It affects over 33 million people worldwide and its prevalence is believed to continue increasing in the coming years. This disease primarily arises from disruption in electrical activity due to improper ion transport by cardiac muscles. This misfunction is linked to mutations in the KCNE3 protein which interferes with the structural dynamics of the channels located in the outer membrane of the heart muscle cells. KCNE3 protein is a type 1 membrane protein, a voltage-gated potassium proteins in the KCNE family. It regulates the function of various voltage-gated potassium channels such as KCNQ1. It is expressed in the small intestines, colon, and in the human heart. Rare mutations in a single gene such as V17M and R53H in the KCNE3 membranes are associated with A-Fib. Understanding their associations is important in curative efforts to overcome this disease. Electron Paramagnetic Resonance (EPR) spectroscopy coupled Site-Directed Spin Labeling (SDSL) has been employed to determine structural and dynamic properties of KCNE3 due to the effect of A-Fib mutations. This study specifically used methanesulfonothioate spin label at the sites nearby A-Fib mutations to measure side chain and conformational dynamics of KCNE3 in the presence and absence of A-Fib mutations. Our results compared the central-line width and rotational correlation time between wild-type E3 and the disease-causing mutation to study their structural dynamic properties. This study will provide insight on how A-Fib mutations disrupt the proper function of KCNE3 during channel gating.

Presenter(s) Information: Kyle McCreary
Author(s): Kyle McCreary, Dane Budke, Dr. Keeley Cleghorn, Dr. Catherine Steding
Chapter: Gamma Eta
College/University: Marian University
Subject Area of Presentation: Life Sciences

Presentation Title

A Continuation of Exploring WNT Signaling in Breast Cancer Chemoresistance

Presentation Abstract

Breast cancer remains the most common cancer and the second leading cause of mortality in women. It is estimated that over 300,000 new cases will be diagnosed for 2025 in the United States alone. Given the significant clinical importance of breast cancer, investigations into its development and progression remain essential. The development and progression of the majority of cancers have been correlated with aberrant proliferative signaling due to the combination of losses in regulation and gains in growth. WNT signaling is of particular interest in cancer because it specifically has an influence on both proliferative and metastatic potentials. Within both the canonical and noncanonical pathways, changes in WNT mediators have been correlated with advanced or refractory disease. Despite the study of WNT in a wide range of cancers, much remains to be explored and understood in areas of chemoresistance. Preliminary investigations suggest that changes in WNT mediators could have a significant impact for cellular growth and efficacy of treatment long-term. WNT antagonists as part of combinatorial therapeutics have the potential to overcome or mitigate chemoresistance caused by changes in the signaling pathway. This study furthers the work of previous studies seeking to elucidate the role for WNT signaling in chemoresistance. Noteworthy differences were identified in both proliferation and viability when WNT mediators are targeted in tandem with paclitaxel treatment. Through the optimization of CRISPR-Cas and knockdown plasmids to suppress WNT mediators β-catenin and TCF, this study provides a foundation for further investigations. Overall, these findings demonstrate the ongoing need for targeted investigations into specific mediators of WNT signaling in chemoresistance.

Presenter(s) Information: Alex McPhee
Author(s): Alex McPhee and Al Sterling
Chapter: Gamma Gamma
College/University: Concordia College
Subject Area of Presentation: Environmental Sciences

Presentation Title

Dietary Preferences of Small Fishes of the Red River Basin

Presentation Abstract

With the development of spreading anthropogenic facilities, row-crop agriculture, and the general loss of many water sequestering prairie grasslands in the Red River Valley, some studies have shown resounding effects on the surrounding ecosystems and their inhabitants. Less attention has been paid to the ichthyofauna in river systems near these terrestrial changes; therefore, the basis of this research is to investigate whether prey preference of small fishes of the Red River watershed are impacted by land use on the surrounding terrestrial landscape. To answer this question, five representative small fish species are sampled across three different rivers in the Red River watershed using a combination of backpack electroshocking, dip netting, and minnow traps. Sampled fish are dissected in the lab, and food items present in their GI tracts are identified and counted. Land use surrounding the sample sites is analyzed in ArcGIS Pro using land cover Data from the USGS and will be analyzed in tandem with fish and prey taxonomy. A few more years of data collection will be required to come to more meaningful conclusions, but our current project presents some initial trends after the first year of data collection.

Presenter(s) Information: Casey Peavler
Author(s): Casey Peavler, Bang Huang
Chapter: Beta Xi
College/University: University of Pikeville
Subject Area of Presentation: Mathematics

Presentation Title

Optimizing Student Resources through Data-Driven Insights and Generative AI

Presentation Abstract

Embargo*

Presenter(s) Information: Eleanor Puzzo
Author(s): Eleanor Puzzo, Seema Tian, Linnea French, Joseph Whittaker, Ph.D, Michael Bush, Ph.D, Jennifer Sweatman, Ph.D
Chapter: Gamma Gamma
College/University: Concordia College
Subject Area of Presentation: Life Sciences, Environmental Sciences

Presentation Title

Soil Composition of Livestock Pastures at Darakuta Ranch

Presentation Abstract

Livestock grazing significantly impacts soil nutrient composition, which is critical for sustainable agricultural practices. At Darakuta Ranch, near Gichameda, Tanzania, traditional Maasai cattle farming practices are employed, with Sakuma cows grazing on dedicated pastures. This research compares two pastures: a recently established site exposed to intensive grazing since January 2024 and an older pasture that has remained largely undisturbed for two years. The aim was to evaluate how grazing duration and intensity affect soil nutrient levels, particularly nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and potassium (K), which are critical for plant growth and pasture management. To evaluate the soil health of each pasture, soil samples were collected from both pastures using a 6-inch soil probe. The samples were analyzed for nitrate, phosphorus, potassium, and pH levels using Rapitest soil test kits. The results indicated lower nutrient levels in the newer pasture, with nitrogen and phosphorus frequently showing depletion or deficiency. In contrast, the older pasture presented higher nutrient concentrations, including a surplus of nitrogen. Potassium levels varied but trended toward adequacy in the older field. Prolonged exposure to livestock manure appeared to enhance soil nutrient content over time, particularly in relation to nitrogen and phosphorus. Conversely, the newer pasture experienced soil compaction due to frequent trampling, potentially limiting nutrient availability. These findings underscore the importance of regulating grazing intensity to maintain soil health and support long-term agricultural productivity. Further research should refine sampling methodologies and explore additional factors, such as compaction and organic matter decomposition, which may influence nutrient dynamics in grazing systems.

Presenter(s) Information: Ella Shinn
Author(s): Ella Shinn, Gavin Groshelle, Peter Weinzierl, Cameron Whittaker, Luke Young
Mentors: Dr. Joe Whittaker, Dr. Jennifer Sweater, Dr. Micheal Bush
Chapter: Gamma Gamma
College/University: Concordia College at Moorhead
Subject Area of Presentation: Life Sciences, Environmental Sciences

Presentation Title

Impact of Land Use Patterns on Bird Call Diversity in Darakuta Ranch, Tanzania

Presentation Abstract

Bird diversity serves as a useful bioindicator for ecosystem health. They respond quickly to changes in habitats resulting from a variety of human influences, including pollution, agriculture, and climate changes. As land use patterns change, it is essential to understand how varying degrees of human activity can impact avian diversity and vocalization patterns. In this study, we investigate the relationship between land use patterns and bird call diversity at Darakuta Ranch, Tanzania. Darakuta is a large cattle ranch that sits in the Great Rift Valley between Serengeti and Tarangire National Parks. We hypothesized that undisturbed areas with greater canopy coverage would have higher diversity of bird species. To test this, we selected and surveyed three locations with varying levels of human disturbance. We conducted two surveys per day, in the morning and evening, over three days for a total of six surveys per location. Each survey occurred at 6:30 AM and 6:30 PM. At each site, our team divided into pairs and recorded bird vocalizations using the Merlin app (Cornell Lab of Ornithology) and visually identified bird species seen. We analyzed the bird calls in relation to time of day, location, weather conditions, and canopy coverage to make inferences as to the diversity of bird species at Darakuta Ranch. Preliminary findings suggest that sites with minimal human disturbance and higher canopy coverage support greater bird diversity. These results contribute to understanding how land management practices influence avian biodiversity. Our findings can inform conservation strategies within Darakuta Ranch and broader efforts to protect bird diversity in Tanzania.

Presenter(s) Information: Katie P. Waugh
Author(s): Katie P. Waugh, Joe Whittaker, Maia Lieske, Glory Godwin Lekashu
Chapter: Gamma Gamma
College/University: Concordia College
Subject Area of Presentation: Life Sciences, Environmental Sciences

Presentation Title

Characterizing Nesting and Foraging Behaviors of Gray Squirrels (Sciurus carolinensis) and Red Squirrels (Tamiasciurus hudsonicus) in an Urban Environment

Presentation Abstract

Urban development causes habitat fragmentation which can disrupt ecosystems and the organisms that inhabit them. Through interruption of species movement, fragmentation causes species to react by modifying their behavior, habits, and specialization. Concordia College’s campus is home to Eastern Gray Squirrels (Sciurus carolinensis), American Red Squirrels (Tamiasciurus hudsonicus), and Northern Flying Squirrels (Glaucomys sabrinus). The significant amount of human activity, accessibility of both natural and anthropogenic food sources, and availability of natural and anthropogenic nesting, or drey, sites make campus an ideal location for observing effects of urbanization on foraging habits and movement patterns of these squirrel species. The convenience of alternate, anthropogenic food sources may influence the patterns and ways in which squirrels forage throughout the day. In order to analyze these effects, we used live-trapping and radio telemetry to track squirrels across campus, which allowed us to document their locations and behavior. We also monitored the usage, characteristics, locations, and density of gray squirrel dreys throughout Concordia’s campus. Using ArcGIS, we spatially analyzed the dreys on campus and telemetry data of squirrel movement going back to 2014 in comparison to the locations of different anthropogenic food sources. Examination of the results showed a predictable relationship between drey locations and foraging telemetry locations on campus in comparison to garbage cans and dumpsters. Our results indicate these anthropogenic food sources have a significant effect on the movement patterns and nest use of urban squirrels. Further research could explore the long-term effects of these behavioral shifts on squirrel populations and urban ecosystems.

Presenter(s) Information: Sarah Boyd
Author(s): Sarah Boyd
Chapter: Beta Eta
College/University: Evangel University
Subject Area of Presentation: Environmental Sciences

Presentation Title

The Effects of Benzene and UV-B Radiation on Calcium Oxalate (CaOx) Production in Sansevieria trifasciata Using Spectrophotometry for CaOx Quantification

Presentation Abstract

Sansevieria trifasciata (snake plants) can absorb certain airborne pollutants such as benzene, formaldehyde, and trichloroethylene. However, snake plants, like other angiosperms in the Araceae family, produce calcium oxalate (CaOx) crystals that help with the regulation of calcium levels in tissues and organs. The CaOx crystals appear as needles so that when the plant is damaged, these crystals shoot into the soft tissue and embed in the oral cavity of the predator. CaOx crystals are formed in cells called crystal idioblasts. Crystal idioblast function may be affected by benzene or high levels of UV-B radiation, two common mutagens, that could gradually damage the end of the idioblasts causing an excess amount of water to flood the cell and slowly deplete function after small raphides (crystalline structures within the idioblasts) accumulate around the cell wall. Assuming that these mutagens only affect the function of the crystal idioblasts, we can decrease the overall toxicity of snake plants by adjusting the amount of benzene or UV-B radiation the snake plant is exposed to. Results indicated a slight decrease in the amount of CaOx produced in the snake plants exposed to carcinogenic environments. Though unknown error showed to disrupt the root cause of the initial decrease in CaOx production, the quantification of CaOx by UV-vis spectrophotometry was a success. The plants receiving mutagenic properties exhibited drier leaves than the control group. Calcium regulation may play a role in the plant’s ability to retain moisture. CaOx is a major substance found in kidney and bladder stones. Further research could correlate issues of mutagenic/carcinogenic properties in the body with the observation that the addition of carcinogens on snake plants may reduce its water retention capabilities.

Presenter(s) Information: Madelyn T. Barlage, Katie P. Waugh, Peter J. Weinzierl, Gavin M. Groshelle
Author(s): Madelyn T. Barlage, Katie P. Waugh, Peter J. Weinzierl, Gavin M. Groshelle, and Joseph C. Whittaker
Chapter: Gamma Gamma
College/University: Concordia College
Subject Area of Presentation: Life Sciences, Environmental Sciences

Presentation Title

Assessing the Prey Contents in Northern Saw-Whet Owl Pellets in Fargo, North Dakota.

Presentation Abstract

Northern Saw-whet owls (NSWO) are the smallest owl in North America. Their primary habitat is forested areas that they inhabit year-round. The NSWO’s diet consists mostly of small mammals, but have been known to take prey items considerably larger than themselves. Approximately a day after consuming their prey NSWOs will form a pellet as a byproduct of their prey digestion. This is seen in many bird species such as owls, raptors, herons, corvids and many more and are formed from the undigested debris such as hair, feathers and bones. Owl pellets are used with sampling of small animal populations in an area as owls are unbiased opportunistic hunters that prey on what is available and their pellets show higher species richness than conventional trapping methods. In December of 2024, approximately 80 pellets were collected by a local owl expert and donated to Concordia College’s Elsie Welter Natural History Museum. These pellets were dissected by students from the Mammalogy and Ornithology classes and data were collected from them. Number of prey items, presence or absence of skull(s), order, family, subfamily, and species of prey item, and presence of post cranial bones were all documented. Fifty-one out of the 80 pellets have been dissected thus far. Of these pellets, 36 contained at least one skull. We have identified 34 Peromyscus spp., 10 Microtus pennsylvanicus, two Blarina brevicauda, and 1 Clethrionomys gapperi. Using the pellets from NSWOs we can estimate the population ranges and sizes of the small mammals in the area.

Presenter(s) Information: Kylie Brenny
Author(s): Kylie Brenny, Dr. Joseph Whittaker
Chapter: Gamma Gamma
College/University: Concordia College
Subject Area of Presentation: Life Sciences, Environmental Sciences

Presentation Title

Comparing the differentiation of White-Footed mice (Peromyscus leucopus) from Deer mice (Peromyscus maniculatus) through analysis of their salivary amylase and cellulose acetate gel electrophoresis and morphological measurements.

Presentation Abstract

Recent climate warming in northern regions has enabled the northern expansion of the white-footed mouse (Peromyscus leucopus). This expansion northward has resulted in increased habitat overlap with the deer mouse (Peromyscus maniculatus) in the midwest region (Myers et al. 2009; Prado et al. 2022; Stephens et al. 2014). These species are remarkably similar in niche, morphology, and history, and as such, this increased overlap would be expected to create selection pressure for the species to diverge to reduce competition (Millien et al. 2017), although this is not always the case (Garcia-Elfring et al. 2017). The ability to differentiate between these species is not only ecologically interesting, but also important due to the diseases carried by each species, P. leucopus being the primary natural reservoir for Lyme disease (Barbour et al. 2015) and P. maniculatus serving as a primary reservoir for hantavirus (Childs et al. 1994). Previous methods using ear measurements have seen shown to be unreliable (Stephens et al. 2014), however current methods using cellulose acetate electrophoresis of salivary amylase has shown to be a reliable way to differentiate between these two mouse species. Samples are stamped on cellulose acetate plates and run with electrical current. After exposure to starch agar and visualization with iodine, areas of digested starch form bands that are used to identify whether the sample belongs to P. leucopus or P. maniculatus. Results for this research are on-going and methods are being improved to develop consistency of band formation.

Presenter(s) Information: Jessica Castetter
Author(s): Rob Denton, Jessica Castetter, Bethanie Majewski, Gabriela Bilbrey
Chapter: Gamma Eta
College/University: Marian University
Subject Area of Presentation: Life Sciences

Presentation Title

Comparative Analysis of Locomotor Endurance in Sexual and Unisexual Ambystoma Salamanders

Presentation Abstract

Unisexual salamanders in the genus Ambystoma are a polyploid, all-female lineage that reproduce by kleptogenesis. Previous research has shown significant differences in locomotor endurance between unisexual and sexual Ambystoma species, with evidence suggesting that unisexual salamanders have reduced dispersal distances (Denton et al 2017). To further generalize these patterns, locomotor endurance was assessed in four salamander groups: Ambystoma laterale (LL), A. jeffersonianum (JJ), unisexual Ambystoma biotype LJJ, and unisexual Ambystoma biotype LLJ. LL and JJ represent sexually reproducing species, while LJJ and LLJ are unisexual salamanders with distinct chromosome compositions. Each salamander was housed under standardized laboratory conditions (~11°C) and fed two days prior to testing. Trials involved acclimation to room temperature, then treadmill endurance assessments with periodic righting response tests. Salamanders that failed the righting response test were removed from the trial and returned to cold storage. Endurance performance was quantified based on distance traveled and laps completed. Sexual salamanders exhibit greater locomotor endurance than unisexual counterparts, with A. jeffersonianum traveling the farthest on average. Among unisexuals, LJJ demonstrated slightly higher endurance than LLJ, though both exhibited reduced performance relative to sexual species. These trends align with previous research (Denton et al 2017), reinforcing the hypothesis that unisexual salamanders have decreased locomotor capacity due to physiological constraints. Further analysis is needed to determine the extent of these differences; however, evaluating specific subtypes of sexual and unisexual salamanders provides valuable insights into how genetic composition influences locomotor endurance.

Presenter(s) Information: Jackson Hoover
Author(s): Jackson Hoover, Dean A. Wiseman
Chapter: Rho
College/University: University of Indianapolis
Subject Area of Presentation: Environmental Sciences

Presentation Title

Identification and Characterization of Two Understudied Blind Cave Fish Populations in Phong Nha – Kẻ Bàng National Park, Việt Nam

Presentation Abstract

This study investigates two previously undocumented populations of blind cavefish in the Tiger Cave System of Phong Nha-Kẻ Bàng National Park, Việt Nam. The research aimed to establish whether these populations represent a distinct species or variants of known cavefish species in the region. Morphological data, including standard lengths, pre-anal length, and dorsal fin length were collected using non-invasive techniques in the field.
Comparative analysis with existing Vietnamese cavefish datasets revealed some morphological alignment, but many of the measurements indicate the species are inconsistent with already documented species. These findings are not surprising as connectivity between cavefish populations across hydrological networks is expected and highlights their adaptations to troglodytic environments, especially within a particular genus. Additionally, this study underscores the importance of integrating morphological and molecular approaches to unravel biodiversity in subterranean ecosystems. This work contributes to conservation strategies by enhancing our understanding of species distribution and resilience in sensitive karst habitats.

Presenter(s) Information: Theodora Osborne
Author(s): Theodora Osborne, Gillian Hughes, Kate Stack, Wenxuan Dong, Kevin Schwartz, Margaret Alexander
Chapter: Beta Eta
College/University: Evangel University
Subject Area of Presentation: Life Sciences

Presentation Title

Influence of Genetic Diversity on Metabolism and Immune Response to a Ketogenic Diet

Presentation Abstract

Mice on ketogenic diets have differing immune responses than mice on control diets, partially due to the effects of microbiota change that occurs with diet. Ketogenic diets elevate levels of ketone bodies, such as beta-hydroxybutyrate (BHB), through the rate limiting enzyme HMGCS2. BHB influences immune responses both directly and via alterations to the gut microbiota’s composition. Both ketogenic diets and exogenous delivery of BHB reduce the severity of multiple sclerosis models in mice. The goal of this study is to examine differences in metabolism and immune response in genetically diverse mice on a ketogenic diet to help understand how genetic variation influences response to this diet. In this study, weight and BHB blood concentrations were recorded over time, and the ileum and colon lamina propria were analyzed to show variations in immune T cell populations with different host genetic backgrounds. Our data show that there are differences in ketogenic diet responses based on host genetics, possibly related to certain sites of HMGCS2 protein sequence. The mouse group with two genetic amino acid changes in HMGCS2 had significantly higher overall ileum and colon T cell levels compared to all other types of mice, but mice with one amino acid difference at a different site did not have significantly different immune response compared to the mice with no HMGCS2 code changes. This suggests that the specific amino acids alterations in HMGCS2 can influence immune cell levels. However, this will need to be confirmed in further studies analyzing these mice on normal diets to characterize any baseline differences in immune cell levels, in addition to studies of mice modified to have specific amino acids in areas of interest. Overall, this study shows how immune cell responses to a ketogenic diet vary based on genetics, and how this may be correlated to HMGCS2 genetics.

Presenter(s) Information: Peter J. Weinzierl, Katie P. Waugh
Author(s): Peter J. Weinzierl, Katie P. Waugh, Joseph C. Whittaker
Chapter: Gamma Gamma
College/University: Concordia College
Subject Area of Presentation: Life Sciences, Environmental Sciences

Presentation Title

Documenting Space Use and Occurrences of Richardson’s Ground Squirrels (Urocitellus richardsonii), a Rare Species Vulnerable to Habitat Fragmentation

Presentation Abstract

Richardson’s Ground Squirrels (RGS) (Urocitellus richardsonii) are a rare and declining species in Minnesota that require specific habitat characteristics. These colonial and gregarious squirrels are under threat of habitat loss and fragmentation, as well as persecution. As ecosystem engineers, RGS burrowing cycles soil nutrients and provides habitat for diverse wildlife. Unique to RGSs is the need for short grass typically associated with regular grazing. This habitat is becoming increasingly fragmented and isolated. We conducted live trapping at previously documented populations at three total sites in Clay and Polk counties in northwestern Minnesota. We set 8 to 10 tomahawk-style live traps near presumed RGS burrow entrances at each site. Captured animals were tagged with passive integrated transponder (PIT) tags in addition to collecting hair samples for future DNA analysis. We captured 28 RGSs throughout the three sites; however 25 of these individuals were caught at a single site, a private ranch in Clay county. We were only able to calculate a population estimate at this site, where we estimated between 25 to 39 individuals. We captured two individuals at the site in Polk county and one at the other Clay county site. At the private ranch in Clay county, we radio collared five individuals, four females and one male. Spatial data were collected and analyzed using ArcGIS to evaluate habitat use of individual RGSs. Telemetry data indicate high philopatry and highlights their vulnerability to habitat fragmentation. Our data emphasize the necessity of preserving prairie ecosystems and the importance of connectivity. Occurrences of these species are in areas that probably do not have long-term viability unless they can be protected and offered specific management for this rare species. Additionally, we will be examining the DNA samples to look at genetic diversity which could be indicative of long-term survival of species in Minnesota.

Presenter(s) Information: Olivia Zimmerman
Author(s): Xochitl Martin, Sarah Travis, and Olivia Zimmerman
Chapter: Gamma Eta
College/University: Marian University
Subject Area of Presentation: Environmental Sciences

Presentation Title

Slow Blue Fireflies? Genomic Analysis of Photuris Sp.

Presentation Abstract

The Slow-Blue fireflies, Photuris caerulescens, were rediscovered a decade ago, though insufficient data exists on the species’ distribution, threats, population, and conservation status. Recent observations in Indiana identified fireflies with a distinct, slow, green glow, similar to P. caerulescens, but were located far from their known habitats in Wisconsin and Minnesota. Working with The Indianapolis Zoo’s Global Center for Species Survival and its partnership with the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Species Survival Commission, this project aims to shed light on the obscurity of Photuris caerulescens. Genetic sequencing and analysis can determine if the unknown fireflies found in Indiana are the same species, Photuris caerulescens, found in Wisconsin and Minnesota. If not, how genetically different are they? Sequencing of the COI mitochondrial gene and BLAST alignment were used to compare the unknown fireflies to other Photuris species, including P. quadrifulgens, P. pensylvanica, P. lucicrescens, and P. tremulans Phylogenetic analysis reveals that the samples may be closely related to P. quadrifulgens, P. pensylvanica, and other species of Photuris. Further research, including whole genome sequencing, is necessary to improve reference genomes and accurately identify the unknown species.

Presenter(s) Information: Daniel Flores
Author(s): Daniel Flores, Byron Meade
Chapter: Beta Xi
College/University: University of Pikeville
Subject Area of Presentation: Life Sciences, Environmental Sciences

Presentation Title

Investigating the foraging activity of commercial Bombus impatiens colonies in orchard and high-tunnel agricultural settings in the Appalachia Plateau.

Presentation Abstract

As land fragmentation and human encroachment increase in North America, natural habitats for pollinators are being threatened. The Bureau of Land Management estimates that 90 percent of our native meadows have been destroyed for a variety of purposes. Bombus impatiens, the common eastern bumble bee, is among North America’s most formidable pollinators. Although formidable, the population of Bombus spp. has seen a steady decrease over the last decades, with a few of its native relatives slipping into protected statuses. This study aims to uncover the efficacy of commercial hives as a management tool by deploying two commercial Bombus colonies in apple orchards (Malus domestica), high-tunnel tomato farms (Solanum lycopersicum), and a young successional forest as our control as it is a dominant ecosystem in Kentucky. 300 Bombus impatiens were RFID tagged from six different Koppert Naturpol bee colonies and recorded ~11,700 unique entries/exits over two weeks per location. We used Rstudio to analyze our colonies and found higher mean rates of activity in our high-tunnel tomato farm (12.16 activities per hour), outperforming our apple orchard (8.74 activities per hour), as well as our young successional forest (9.14 activities per hour). Moreover, we found that our tomato farm also had significantly more counts of unique entries/exits against our apple orchard and young succession forest, p-value = 0.0112.

Presenter(s) Information: Fatima Mohammed
Author(s): Fatima Mohammed, Yuden Dorji, Favziya Rasulova, Mubina Rasule, Sharon Mac-George Nwabi, Joseph C. Whittaker, Jennifer Sweatman, Graeme Wyllie
Chapter: Gamma Gamma
College/University: Concordia College
Subject Area of Presentation:

Presentation Title

Assessing Microplastic Concentrations and Composition in the Gastrointestinal Tracts of Urban and Rural Tree and Ground Squirrels (Sciuridae).

Presentation Abstract

Research indicates that small plastic particles, or microplastics (MP), are a significant threat to ecosystems, wildlife, and human health. These particles can cause gastrointestinal blockages and abrasions and jeopardize an animal’s digestive health, behavior, and survival. MP ingestion can disrupt an animal’s natural feeding behavior, culminating in diminished nutrient acquisition and, in severe cases, malnutrition or starvation. MPs impact digestion and behavior in affected animals.  We aim to uncover the impact of behavioral differences and location (urban or rural) on MP contamination in squirrels. These findings will contribute to a better understanding of how feeding behavior and habitat influence MP contamination in mammals and other fauna. Digestive tracks from salvaged squirrels were digested using 10% KOH and vacuum filtered. MPs were then identified using a dissecting microscope. Our findings indicate the presence of MP in all samples, with a higher concentration observed in rural squirrels compared to urban squirrels. To further investigate these results, the source and composition of the microplastics will be identified using IR spectroscopy. The spectra will be compared to a database of known plastic polymers to identify the types of plastics present. Identifying the composition of these microplastics will help us understand the sources of contamination and how they might differ between environments. 

Presenter(s) Information: Elizabeth Swafford
Author(s): Elizabeth Swafford and Ryan Gipson
Chapter: Alpha Beta
College/University: Campbellsville University
Subject Area of Presentation: Mathematics

Presentation Title

Ungrading.

Presentation Abstract

Students think that the primary goal of school is to get an A. Grading causes students to have less interest in learning and makes their learning more shallow. Therefore, many educators, schools and even universities has decided to do ungrading. Ungrading is where you eliminate the use of assigned points and letter grades in a course. For my research, one of my professors (Mr.Gipson) and I experimented with the idea of ungrading. In Mr.Gipson’s college mathematics class we gave the students three quizzes over the semester. On these quizzes they could receive NR- “needs revision”, S- “Satisfactory, or E- Excellent. On these three quizzes we allowed the students to retake the quizzes two more times to see if they can improve their learning. In this presentation I will include data that will support our hypothesis. Our hypothesis is… “Is there a significance in students retaking quizzes, and does it affect their exam grades positively? So far, from our research and data there is no clear significance that retaking quizzes affect the final exam grade. However, we do have more research and data to do in the near future!

Presenter(s) Information: Mason Thompson and Julio Benedicto Pérez
Author(s): Mason Thompson, Julio Benedicto Pérez, Jonathan Moore, Brenda Tungate
Chapter: Alpha Beta
College/University: Campbellsville University
Subject Area of Presentation: Life Sciences

Presentation Title

Digitization of Campbellsville University Herbarium

Presentation Abstract

Herbaria are important repositories of plant specimens, containing information such as molecular data and changes in plant communities at local or biogeographical scales. The Campbellsville University Herbarium (CAMP) has a collection nearing 2,000 specimens, representing flora of Kentucky and surrounding states. However, the herbarium needs maintenance to allow students or scientists to access the specimens. Our primary objective was to organize the specimens and digitize our collection to be uploaded to an online database (SERNEC), documenting our workflow as we progress. Secondarily, we wanted to develop an infrastructure to promote student interest in expanding our collection. Finally, we were interested in comparing our Taylor County, KY records to those in online plant databases, as well as surveys of Clay Hill Memorial Forest. Current progress includes organization of specimens, development of a digitization workflow, andcapture of images. Also, after consulting the Tennessee-Kentucky Plant Atlas, we discovered that over one hundred species in our collection were not represented in their database for Taylor County.

Presenter(s) Information: Trevor Hanson, Gabriel Maurer, Kennedy Chesser, and Janna Mei Smith
Author(s): Trevor Hanson, Gabriel Maurer, Kennedy Chesser, and Janna Mei Smith
Chapter: Alpha Beta
College/University: Campbellsville University
Subject Area of Presentation:

Presentation Title

Cytotoxic Effects of Anthracyclines in E. coli.

Presentation Abstract

Over the last half century, anthracyclines (doxorubicin and epirubicin) have represented one of the most used anthracyclines interact with DNA in a very complex manner. The major anthracycline anti-tumor function is thought to be accompanied by an inhibition of DNA Topoisomerase II activity, which will cause double stranded breaks at a target site. Studies in our lab have shown that anthracyclines are mutagenic and cytotoxic in bacteria (Salmonella typhimurium and Escherichia coli) and can induce intrachromosomal recombination events in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The objective of this study is to accurately assess the vital role of an anthracycline as an anti-cancer drug. Wild type E. coli cells were exposed to either of two anthracycline based chemotherapeutic cocktails: (doxorubicin, cyclophosphamide, and cisplatin) and (epirubicin, cyclophosphamide, and cisplatin). Cell viabilities were determined for each set of chemical mixtures. These studies will provide information about the effectiveness of these cocktails.

Presenter(s) Information: Run Eng
Author(s): Katherine Droese, Natalie Edmisten, Cassie Mitchell, Catris’ McDonald, Run Eng, Sarah Justice, Amanda Duba Pratt
Chapter: Gamma Eta
College/University: Marian University
Subject Area of Presentation: Science Education

Presentation Title

Where’s the Me in STEM: Empowering Future Scientists through Visual Representation in STEM

Presentation Abstract

This project addresses the need for representation in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) by employing the power of visual storytelling. Many underrepresented communities face barriers to entering STEM fields due to a lack of visible role models and inclusive representation. By equipping artists with the tools to create compelling visuals, this initiative highlights the contributions and career paths of diverse STEM professionals, fostering inspiration and belonging among young learners. 

The project centers on the design of high-quality posters and murals featuring STEM professionals from a variety of backgrounds, with a focus on amplifying diverse perspectives. These posters will be displayed at Marian University and distributed to K12 schools, encouraging students to see themselves reflected in STEM careers. Outreach efforts will include interactive experiments, creative workshops, and discussions, connecting art and STEM in dynamic, accessible ways. 

A multidisciplinary team of Marian University students in art and science are collaborating on this initiative, conducting research, and transforming it into impactful visuals and programming. Three student artists have developed visuals that effectively communicate STEM stories, and two biology students have worked to ensure accuracy and relevance and compile biographical information on the individuals. This hands-on experience will prepare students for interdisciplinary work and demonstrate the value of collaboration between art and STEM. By uniting art and education, this project not only addresses barriers to representation but also creates opportunities for artists to contribute meaningfully to STEM education and outreach. 

Presenter(s) Information: Ava Garret
Author(s): Ava Garret
Chapter: Rho
College/University: University of Indianapolis
Subject Area of Presentation:

Presentation Title

Using AuNPs to Develop Latent Fingerprints

Presentation Abstract

This project was created by using HAuCl4 solution at different concentrations to develop invisible fingerprints and a synthesized bio-ink by forming gold nanoparticles on different surfaces in order to test how low of a concentration will work on different surfaces to potentially save money in forensic applications. Additionally, the final results were examined under a scanning electron microscope to try to visualize the size of the nanoparticle groups as well as tested with UV-Vis to prove nanoparticles did in fact form on the ridges of the fingerprints.

Presenter(s) Information: Zoe Hogue
Author(s): Kailynn Berger, Elizabeth Piercy, Zoe Hogue, Elizabeth Hasenmayer, and Dr. Sarah Justice
Chapter: Gamma Eta
College/University: Marian University
Subject Area of Presentation:

Presentation Title

Developing DNA Barcodes for Species Identification of North American Azaleas

Presentation Abstract

North American azalea species (Rhododendron) are native to the Appalachian Mountain range [1]. Studies of these species are limited by a lack of any published whole genome sequences. This project aims to address a challenge in our effort to sequence the genomes – species identification. These azaleas look nearly identical at the organismal level, making it difficult to identify the species. Given the importance of precise identification for successful genome sequencing and comparative genomics, resolving this issue is essential in advancing the research objectives.

DNA barcoding is a molecular method that uses a short species-specific genetic marker to identify a species [2]. This approach has been successfully applied to identification of plants, particularly in cases where morphological characteristics are insufficient for distinguishing between closely related species [3]. Canonical barcodes typically used for plant species have only a ~42% accuracy differentiating between Rhododendron species [4] and therefore other barcodes need to be identified. For the azalea collection at Taylor University, DNA barcoding would allow for differentiation between the 10 species present on campus. We will begin this project by sequencing barcode regions of plants whose species are known and will publish the sequences on NCBI.

Important outcomes of this project include providing a genomic method for identifying the species of any unknown azalea in the garden. Utilizing DNA barcoding establishes an identification method that can be applied to other collections of azaleas, contributing to broader breeding and research efforts on Rhododendrons. Finally, the data generated from this project has educational value, allowing students to engage with modern molecular techniques and bioinformatics tools.

Presenter(s) Information: Luna Holley
Author(s): Luna Holley, Dr. Howard C. Becker, and Dr. Marcelo F. Lopez
Chapter: Gamma Eta
College/University: Marian University
Subject Area of Presentation:

Presentation Title

The effect of having sucrose as an alternative on voluntary alcohol intake in alcohol-dependent and control, non-dependent mice.

Presentation Abstract

Background Alcohol use disorder (AUD) is a significant medical issue marked by persistent alcohol consumption despite adverse consequences. In the U.S., over 3 million cases are reported annually, highlighting its public health impact. This study aims to elucidate behavioral aspects of addiction related to choice by evaluating alcohol and sucrose preference in mice with alcohol dependence induced by chronic intermittent ethanol (CIE) vapor exposure. It is hypothesized that CIE-exposed mice will exhibit higher alcohol drinking and a stronger preference for alcohol over sucrose compared to controls. Methods: The study involved 48 C57BL/6J mice (24/sex). Mice had access to 15% ethanol and 1% sucrose solutions for two hours daily to establish baseline preferences. Throughout the study, mice were never deprived of food or water. After baseline assessment, mice were categorized into control and CIE groups based on their initial preferences and intake levels. CIE-exposed mice underwent a week of alcohol vapor exposure, while controls were exposed to air. Subsequently, both groups resumed alcohol vs. sucrose intake for five days, repeating this cycle to observe changes in alcohol intake and preference due to CIE exposure. Results: After the first cycle of the CIE exposure, CIE male mice had a higher alcohol intake and preference for alcohol vs. sucrose than the control male mice. For the females, there was no significant difference in alcohol intake between the control and CIE mice in Test 1. Conclusions: The study is ongoing, and we plan to gradually raise the sucrose concentration to further evaluate alcohol intake and preference in CIE and control mice. It is expected that insights collected from this study will contribute to a deeper understanding of the correlation between substance preference and addiction, potentially informing future therapeutic strategies for AUD.